---
title: "Mounting a file system in Linux"
sidebar_label: "Mounting a file system in Linux"
sidebar_position: 5
description: "How to mount a file system in Linux automatically and manually"
---
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# Mounting a file system in Linux
Before performing any operations in Rescue mode, you need to mount the OS file system. If the disk with the system partition is connected to a hardware RAID controller, use the instructions for partitioning a disk without software RAID. If the system partition is in LVM, use the instructions for a system with LVM.
## Mounting a file system using infiltrate-root \{#mount-using-infiltrate-root}
Disk partitioning without software RAID
System without LVM
1. [Boot your server into the Rescue mode](/dedicated/troubleshooting/boot-to-recovery.mdx).
2. Output the information about partitions on disks:
```bash
lsblk
```
The response will contain information about the partitions on the disks. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 2.9G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 2.9G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 160G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 159.9G 0 part
├─sdb14 8:30 0 4M 0 part
└─sdb15 8:31 0 106M 0 part
```
Here `sda1`, `sdb1`, `sdb14`, `sdb15` are the names of the partitions on the disks.
3. Select the system partition; this is usually the largest partition on the disk. In the example in step 2, this is the `sdb1` partition.
4. Mount the file system:
```bash
infiltrate-root /dev/
```
Specify `` — the name of the disk partition you selected in step 3, in the example it is `sdb1`.
The partition will be mounted to the `/newroot` directory.
5. If the `infiltrate-root` command does not work, [mount the file system manually](#mount-manually).
6. Perform recovery and diagnostic work.
7. Exit the environment after completing the work. The file system will be unmounted automatically:
```bash
exit
```
System with LVM
1. [Boot your server into the Rescue mode](/dedicated/troubleshooting/boot-to-recovery.mdx).
2. Activate LVM:
```bash
vgchange -ay
```
3. Output the information about partitions on disks and LVM configuration:
```bash
lsblk
```
The response will contain information about the partitions on the disks and the LVM configuration. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 2.9G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 2.9G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 160G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 159.9G 0 part
│ ├─vg0-root 253:0 0 150G 0 lvm
│ └─vg0-swap 253:1 0 9.9G 0 lvm
├─sdb14 8:30 0 4M 0 part
└─sdb15 8:31 0 106M 0 part
```
Where:
* `vg0` is the volume group name; ;
* `root`, `swap` are the names of the logical volumes in the `vg0` group.
4. Select the system partition; this is usually the largest partition on the disk. In the example in step 3, this is the `root` logical volume in the `vg0` group.
5. Mount the file system:
```bash
infiltrate-root /dev//
```
Specify:
* `` is the name of the volume group containing the logical volume with the root partition, in the example in step 4 it is `vg0`;
* `` is the name of the logical volume with the root partition you selected in step 4, in the example it is `root`.
The partition will be mounted to the `/newroot` directory.
6. If the `infiltrate-root` command does not work, [mount the file system manually](#mount-manually).
7. Perform recovery and diagnostic work.
8. Deactivate LVM:
```bash
vgchange -an
```
9. Exit the environment after completing the work. The file system will be unmounted automatically:
```bash
exit
```
Disk partitioning with software RAID
System without LVM
1. [Boot your server into the Rescue mode](/dedicated/troubleshooting/boot-to-recovery.mdx).
2. Check if the system has detected any RAID arrays by outputting the information about partitions on disks:
```bash
lsblk
```
The response will contain information about the partitions on the disks. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sda2 8:2 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
sdb 8:16 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sdb2 8:18 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
```
Here `md0`, `md1` are the names of the RAID arrays.
3. If the `lsblk` output at step 2 shows RAID arrays, skip this step. If there are no RAID arrays, start assembling the RAID arrays:
```bash
mdadm --assemble --scan
```
4. Output the information about partitions on disks and RAID array configuration:
```bash
lsblk
```
The output will contain information about partitions on disks and RAID array configuration. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sda2 8:2 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
sdb 8:16 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sdb2 8:18 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
```
Here `md0`, `md1` are the names of the RAID arrays.
5. Select the system partition; this is usually the largest partition on the disk. In the example in step 4, this is the `md1` RAID array.
6. Mount the file system:
```bash
infiltrate-root /dev/
```
Specify `` — the name of the system partition you selected in step 5, in the example it is the RAID array `md1`.
The partition will be mounted to the `/newroot` directory.
7. If the `infiltrate-root` command does not work, [mount the file system manually](#mount-manually).
8. Perform recovery and diagnostic work.
9. Exit the environment after completing the work. The file system will be unmounted automatically:
```bash
exit
```
System with LVM
1. [Boot your server into the Rescue mode](/dedicated/troubleshooting/boot-to-recovery.mdx).
2. Check if the system has detected any RAID arrays by outputting the information about partitions on disks:
```bash
lsblk
```
The response will contain information about the partitions on the disks. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sda2 8:2 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
sdb 8:16 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sdb2 8:18 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
```
Here `md0`, `md1` are the names of the RAID arrays.
3. If the `lsblk` output at step 2 shows RAID arrays, skip this step. If there are no RAID arrays, start assembling the RAID arrays:
```bash
mdadm --assemble --scan
```
4. Output the information about partitions on disks and RAID array configuration:
```bash
lsblk
```
The output will contain information about partitions on disks and RAID array configuration. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sda2 8:2 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
sdb 8:16 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sdb2 8:18 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
```
Here `md0`, `md1` are the names of the RAID arrays.
5. Activate LVM:
```bash
vgchange -ay
```
6. Output the information about partitions on disks and LVM configuration:
```bash
lsblk
```
The response will contain information about the partitions on the disks and the LVM configuration. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sda2 8:2 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 428G 0 lvm
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 8G 0 lvm
sdb 8:16 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sdb2 8:18 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 428G 0 lvm
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 8G 0 lvm
```
Where:
* `vg0` is the volume group name; ;
* `root`, `swap` are the names of the logical volumes in the `vg0` group.
7. Select the system partition; this is usually the largest partition on the disk. In the example in step 6, this is the `root` logical volume in the `vg0` group.
8. Mount the file system:
```bash
infiltrate-root /dev//
```
Specify:
* `` is the name of the volume group containing the logical volume with the root partition, in the example in step 7 it is `vg0`;
* `` is the name of the logical volume you selected in step 7, in the example it is `root`.
The partition will be mounted to the `/newroot` directory.
9. If the `infiltrate-root` command does not work, [mount the file system manually](#mount-manually).
10. Perform recovery and diagnostic work.
11. Deactivate LVM:
```bash
vgchange -an
```
12. Exit the environment after completing the work. The file system will be unmounted automatically:
```bash
exit
```
## Mounting a file system manually \{#mount-manually}
Disk partitioning without software RAID
System without LVM
1. [Boot your server into the Rescue mode](/dedicated/troubleshooting/boot-to-recovery.mdx).
2. Output the information about partitions on disks:
```bash
lsblk
```
The response will contain information about the partitions on the disks. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 2.9G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 2.9G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 160G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 159.9G 0 part
├─sdb14 8:30 0 4M 0 part
└─sdb15 8:31 0 106M 0 part
```
Here `sda1`, `sdb1`, `sdb14`, `sdb15` are the names of the partitions on the disks.
3. Select the system partition; this is usually the largest partition on the disk. In the example in step 2, this is the `sdb1` partition.
4. Mount the file system to the `/mnt` directory:
```bash
mount /dev/ /mnt
```
Specify `` — the name of the system partition on the disk you selected in step 3, in the example it is `sdb1`.
5. Mount the system file systems:
```bash
mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
mount -t devpts /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
```
6. Connect to the environment:
```bash
chroot /mnt /bin/bash
```
7. Export the PATH variable:
```bash
export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin
```
8. Perform recovery and diagnostic work.
9. After finishing the work, exit the environment:
```bash
exit
```
10. Unmount the system file systems:
```bash
umount -t devpts /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
umount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
umount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
umount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
```
11. Unmount the file system:
```bash
umount /dev/ /mnt
```
Specify `` — the name of the system partition whose file system you mounted in step 4, in the example it is `sdb1`.
System with LVM
1. [Boot your server into the Rescue mode](/dedicated/troubleshooting/boot-to-recovery.mdx).
2. Activate LVM:
```bash
vgchange -ay
```
3. Output the information about partitions on disks and LVM configuration:
```bash
lsblk
```
The response will contain information about the partitions on the disks and the LVM configuration. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 2.9G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 2.9G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 160G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 159.9G 0 part
│ ├─vg0-root 253:0 0 150G 0 lvm
│ └─vg0-swap 253:1 0 9.9G 0 lvm
├─sdb14 8:30 0 4M 0 part
└─sdb15 8:31 0 106M 0 part
```
Where:
* `vg0` is the volume group name; ;
* `root`, `swap` are the names of the logical volumes in the `vg0` group.
4. Select the system partition; this is usually the largest partition on the disk. In the example in step 3, this is the `root` logical volume in the `vg0` group.
5. Mount the file system to the `/mnt` directory:
```bash
mount /dev// /mnt
```
Specify:
* `` is the name of the volume group containing the logical volume with the root partition, in the example in step 4 it is `vg0`;
* `` is the name of the logical volume with the root partition you selected in step 4, in the example it is `root`.
6. Mount the system file systems:
```bash
mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
mount -t devpts /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
```
7. Connect to the environment:
```bash
chroot /mnt /bin/bash
```
8. Export the PATH variable:
```bash
export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin
```
9. Perform recovery and diagnostic work.
10. After finishing the work, exit the environment:
```bash
exit
```
11. Unmount the system file systems:
```bash
umount -t devpts /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
umount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
umount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
umount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
```
12. Unmount the file system:
```bash
umount /dev// /mnt
```
Specify:
* `` is the name of the volume group you specified when mounting the file system in step 5, in the example it is `vg0`;
* `` is the name of the logical volume with the root partition whose file system you mounted in step 5, in the example it is `root`.
13. Deactivate LVM:
```bash
vgchange -an
```
Disk partitioning with software RAID
System without LVM
1. [Boot your server into the Rescue mode](/dedicated/troubleshooting/boot-to-recovery.mdx).
2. Check if the system has detected any RAID arrays by outputting the information about partitions on disks:
```bash
lsblk
```
The response will contain information about the partitions on the disks. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sda2 8:2 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
sdb 8:16 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sdb2 8:18 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
```
Here `md0`, `md1` are the names of the RAID arrays.
3. If the `lsblk` output at step 2 shows RAID arrays, skip this step. If there are no RAID arrays, start assembling the RAID arrays:
```bash
mdadm --assemble --scan
```
4. Output the information about partitions on disks and RAID array configuration:
```bash
lsblk
```
The output will contain information about partitions on disks and RAID array configuration. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sda2 8:2 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
sdb 8:16 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sdb2 8:18 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
```
Here `md0`, `md1` are the names of the RAID arrays.
5. Select the system partition; this is usually the largest partition on the disk. In the example in step 4, this is the `md1` RAID array.
6. Mount the file system to the `/mnt` directory:
```bash
mount /dev/ /mnt
```
Here `` is the name of the system partition you selected in step 5, in the example it is the RAID array `md1`.
7. Mount the system file systems:
```bash
mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
mount -t devpts /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
```
8. Connect to the environment:
```bash
chroot /mnt /bin/bash
```
9. Export the PATH variable:
```bash
export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin
```
10. Perform recovery and diagnostic work.
11. After finishing the work, exit the environment:
```bash
exit
```
12. Unmount the system file systems:
```bash
umount -t devpts /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
umount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
umount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
umount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
```
13. Unmount the file system:
```bash
umount /dev/ /mnt
```
Here `` is the name of the system partition whose file system you mounted in step 6, in the example it is the RAID array `md1`.
System with LVM
1. [Boot your server into the Rescue mode](/dedicated/troubleshooting/boot-to-recovery.mdx).
2. Check if the system has detected any RAID arrays by outputting the information about partitions on disks:
```bash
lsblk
```
The response will contain information about the partitions on the disks. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sda2 8:2 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
sdb 8:16 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sdb2 8:18 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
```
Here `md0`, `md1` are the names of the RAID arrays.
3. If the `lsblk` output at step 2 shows RAID arrays, skip this step. If there are no RAID arrays, start assembling the RAID arrays:
```bash
mdadm --assemble --scan
```
4. Output the information about partitions on disks and RAID array configuration:
```bash
lsblk
```
The output will contain information about partitions on disks and RAID array configuration. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sda2 8:2 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
sdb 8:16 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sdb2 8:18 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
```
Here `md0`, `md1` are the names of the RAID arrays.
5. Activate LVM:
```bash
vgchange -ay
```
6. Output the information about partitions on disks and LVM configuration:
```bash
lsblk
```
The response will contain information about the partitions on the disks and the LVM configuration. For example:
```bash
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sda2 8:2 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 428G 0 lvm
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 8G 0 lvm
sdb 8:16 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 500M 0 raid1
└─sdb2 8:18 0 446.6G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 446.6G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 428G 0 lvm
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 8G 0 lvm
```
Where:
* `vg0` is the volume group name; ;
* `root`, `swap` are the names of the logical volumes in the `vg0` group.
7. Select the system partition; this is usually the largest partition on the disk. In the example in step 6, this is the `root` logical volume in the `vg0` group.
8. Mount the file system to the `/mnt` directory:
```bash
mount /dev// /mnt
```
Specify:
* `` is the name of the volume group containing the logical volume with the root partition, in the example in step 7 it is `vg0`;
* `` is the name of the logical volume with the root partition you selected in step 7, in the example it is `root`.
9. Mount the system file systems:
```bash
mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
mount -t devpts /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
```
10. Connect to the environment:
```bash
chroot /mnt /bin/bash
```
11. Export the PATH variable:
```bash
export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin
```
12. Perform recovery and diagnostic work.
13. After finishing the work, exit the environment:
```bash
exit
```
14. Unmount the system file systems:
```bash
umount -t devpts /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
umount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
umount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
umount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
```
15. Unmount the file system:
```bash
umount /dev// /mnt
```
Specify:
* `` is the name of the volume group you specified when mounting the file system in step 8, in the example it is `vg0`;
* `` is the name of the logical volume with the root partition whose file system you mounted in step 8, in the example it is `root`.
16. Deactivate LVM:
```bash
vgchange -an
```