Run a GPU-accelerated application in a Docker container on a server

Docker containers can be used on GPU cloud servers to flexibly manage GPU-accelerated applications without additional environment customization.

The containerized environment will allow:

optimally consume resources — you can run many applications on one server that require different environments;
avoid CUDA Toolkit versioning issues for your applications.

Selectel has ready-made images available with CUDA Toolkit latest minor versions 11-12 and Docker to run GPU-accelerated applications in containerized environments:

Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 64-bit CUDA 11.8 Docker;
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 64-bit CUDA 12.8 Docker;
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 64-bit CUDA 11.8 Docker;
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 64-bit CUDA 12.8 Docker.

Cloud server requirements⁠

The cloud server should have:

server configuration with the GPU;
the image from which the server is created, with pre-installed GPU drivers, CUDA Toolkit, and Docker;
network or local server disk larger than 40 GB.

Run a GPU-accelerated application in a Docker container on a server⁠

1. Run the pytorch-cuda sample in a Docker container⁠

You need to run PyTorch to use the GPU with the CUDA Toolkit in your application's Docker container.

Open the CLI.

Make sure the GPU on the server is working correctly:

nvidia-smi

The response will list NVIDIA-SMI versions, drivers, and CUDA compatible with the current driver version but not installed on the system. For example:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.54.15              Driver Version: 550.54.15      CUDA Version: 12.4     |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|   0  Tesla T4                       Off |   00000000:00:06.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   41C    P8             10W /   70W |       0MiB /  15360MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                              GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                               Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Start the container from the container catalog NVIDIA Container Registry:
```
sudo docker run --gpus all -it --rm nvcr.io/nvidia/pytorch:<pytorch_version>-py3 bash
```
Specify <pytorch_version> — a version of PyTorch.

Make sure the CUDA Toolkit is installed in the container and the GPU is available for computation:

import torch

print("CUDA Available: ", torch.cuda.is_available())
print("Number of GPUs: ", torch.cuda.device_count())

Example output:

CUDA Available:  True
Number of GPUs:  1

Make sure the container has the CUDA Runtime 12.1 version installed, which is needed to run the current version of PyTorch:

conda list | grep cud

Example output:

libcudnn9-cuda-12         9.1.1.17                      0    nvidia
cuda-cudart               12.1.105                      0    nvidia
cuda-cupti                12.1.105                      0    nvidia
cuda-libraries            12.1.0                        0    nvidia
cuda-nvrtc                12.1.105                      0    nvidia
cuda-nvtx                 12.1.105                      0    nvidia
cuda-opencl               12.3.101                      0    nvidia
cuda-runtime              12.1.0                        0    nvidia

The CUDA Runtime does not need to be installed on the server OS.

2. Create your own Docker image with CUDA⁠

Start the finished container:

docker run --gpus all -it --rm  nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.8.1-cudnn-devel-ubuntu24.04

CUDA Toolkit, CUDA Runtime, and libcudnn compatible versions will be pre-installed in the container:

cuda-cudart-12-8                12.8.90-1                   amd64        CUDA Runtime native Libraries
cuda-nvcc-12-8                  12.8.93-1                   amd64        CUDA nvcc
cuda-toolkit-config-common      12.8.90-1                   all          Common config package for CUDA Toolkit.
libcudnn9-cuda-12               9.8.0.87-1                  amd64        cuDNN runtime libraries for CUDA 12.8

Install Python 3:

apt update && apt -y install python3 python3-pip 
python3 -m pip config set global.break-system-packages true
python3 -m pip install tensorflow

Make sure the GPU is available in the Docker container:

python3 -c "import tensorflow as tf; print(tf.reduce_sum(tf.random.normal([1000, 1000]))); gpu_available = tf.test.is_gpu_available(); print('GPU is availlable: ', gpu_available)"

Example output:

I0000 00:00:1743408862.613883     910 gpu_device.cc:2019] Created device /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 with 4287 MB memory:  -> device: 0, name: NVIDIA RTX A2000, pci bus id: 0000:00:06.0, compute capability: 8.6
tf.Tensor(-1418.5072, shape=(), dtype=float32)
Available GPUs:  [PhysicalDevice(name='/physical_device:GPU:0', device_type='GPU')]

Exit the shell without interrupting the container: press Ctrl + Pand then Ctrl + Q.

Verify that the container is running:

docker ps a

Example output:

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                                COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
20d557a37bdd   nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.8.1-cudnn-devel-ubuntu24.04   "/opt/nvidia/nvidia_…"   24 minutes ago   Up 24 minutes                         nifty_shtern

In the parameter column CONTAINER ID copy the ID of the container you started in step 1.

Create an image:
```
docker commit <container_id> <image_tag>
```
Specify:
- <container_id> — The ID of the container you copied in step 5;
- <image_tag> — image tag.
If the image has been created, the image hash will be output. Example output:
```
sha256:a7ff970295e5dd37ef441fcf0462752715c95cece2729ddcc774a8aaa0773bce
```
Create and run your own container from the image:
```
docker run --rm -it <image_tag> bash
```
Specify <image_tag> — tag of the image you created in step 6.

Here. --rm — flag that will delete the container after exiting the shell bash of the container.

Run a GPU-accelerated application in a Docker container on a server

Cloud server requirements⁠​

Run a GPU-accelerated application in a Docker container on a server⁠​

1. Run the pytorch-cuda sample in a Docker container⁠​

2. Create your own Docker image with CUDA⁠​

Cloud server requirements⁠

Run a GPU-accelerated application in a Docker container on a server⁠

1. Run the pytorch-cuda sample in a Docker container⁠

2. Create your own Docker image with CUDA⁠